MATHEMATICS ITEMS WITH HINTS

Automated Scoring of Constructed-Response Literacy and Mathematics Items

Hints

The systematic use of hints in the learning-from-examples paradigm is the subject of this review. Hints are the properties of the target function that are known to use independently of the training examples. The use of hints is tantamount to combining rules and data in learning, and is compatible with different learning models, optimization techniques, and regularization techniques. The hints a...

Reading Grade Levels and Mathematics Assessment: An Analysis of Texas Mathematics Assessment Items and Their Reading Difficulty

Increased reading difficulty of mathematics assessment items has been shown to negatively affect student performance. The advent of high-stakes testing, which has serious ramifications for students’ futures and teachers’ careers, necessitates analysis of reading difficulty on state assessment items and student performance on those items. Using analysis of covariance, this study analyzed the eff...

Monotonicity Hints

Yaser S. Abu-Mostafa EE and CS Deptartments California Institute of Technology email: [email protected] A hint is any piece of side information about the target function to be learned. We consider the monotonicity hint, which states that the function to be learned is monotonic in some or all of the input variables. The application of mono tonicity hints is demonstrated on two real-world prob...

Hints Revealed

We propose a notion of hints, clauses that are not necessarily consistent with the input formula. The goal of adding hints is to speed up the SAT solving process. For this purpose, we provide an efficient general mechanism for hint addition and removal. When a hint is determined to be inconsistent, a hint-based partial resolution-graph of an unsatisfiable core is used to reduce the search space...